The Mass would have been explained to you before you had been received into the Church. We didn't need a knowledge of Latin to understand what happened at Mass. Back then it was all about God. Now, it's all about the congregation. Having the Scripture readings in the vernacular is the only improvement on what we had before the Vatican 11 changes. I'm happy enough with the NO provided it is offered reverently. In some ways I prefer it, but I don't think there's any doubt that it has been a factor in the loss of faith, especially faith in transubstantiation. If you could be transported back in time to Mass pre-Vatican 11, even the least reverently offered low Mass, I think that what would stand out for you is not the strange language but the silence and air of reverence at the Consecration. Very few people knew Latin but everyone knew what happened at the Consecration.
Latin during the Mass is super easy to learn. The Consecration does not change so you hear it every Mass. The readings and homily are usually done in the language of the community, so you will understand that part (or not depending on your location). I think you are too anxious in this. You WILL learn it within a year of going to Sunday Mass so not to worry. I used to pray the Rosary every day in Latin and it took a few days to learn it.
I don't know about that bit. I can be awful hard headed. Some things come easier for me, but I think languages don't. The funny thing is, I learned the little bit of Spanish years before I learned my even smaller bit of German. But, I can still remember how to count to 10 in Spanish easier than I do the German. I'd have to have one very patient soul help me with it. I'm sure by the time I got enough Latin to follow along, the teacher would be ready for sainthood.
